Battle of Waterloo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Clash of Waterloo - Research Paper Example Since the accomplishment of such a goal is once in a while attainable in common sense, albeit hypothetically conceivable, the hypothesis of fighting endeavors to educate and ascertain the ethical factors, for example, the errors which the foe is probably going to make; or the impression which can be made to threaten the adversary powers. Composed just about two centuries prior, by a famous Prussian scholar and scholar, Carl von Cluausewitz, these profoundly questionable yet oft refered to set of standards usually alluded to as the Standards of War present a complete outline of the strategies and systems that can be utilized during war. These standards have end up being profoundly successful throughout the years, and are received by countries around the world, attributable to certainty that they include all the good just as mental parts of fighting (Clausewitz, Graham, 2008). This paper on Principles of War: Battle of Waterloo examines and breaks down the nine standards of war concern ing and as applied in the Battle of Waterloo. The Battle of Waterloo: Brief Overview The Battle of Waterloo was battled between the Imperial French armed force instructed by Emperor Napoleon and the Seventh Coalition - which involved an Anglo-united armed force told by the Duke of Wellington; and the Prussian armed force directed by Gebhard von Blucher. It was battled on June 18, 1815 close to Waterloo which is in present-day Belgium. Napoleon’s armed force was vanquished by the consolidated powers for example the Seventh Coalition and the Anglo-Allied armed force, and is viewed as chronicled since it denoted the finish of Napoleon’s dictator rule, and his hundred days of come back from banish (BBC History, 2011). The fight was authentic since the compelling French ruler and military pioneer Napoleon’s rule reached an unexpected conclusion after his annihilation because of the consolidated armed forces drove by the British, German, Belgian, Dutch and the Prussia ns. The standards of war talked about in the accompanying segment, means to examine, inspect, and break down the different procedures utilized by the consolidated powers against Napoleon’s armed force, that in the long run prompted his fall. The nine standards of war: 1. The Principle of Objective: â€Å"No one beginnings a warâ€or rather, nobody in his faculties should do soâ€without first being clear in quite a while mind what he means to accomplish by that war and how he plans to direct it†. Karl Von Clausewitz (in Mahnken and Maiolo, 2008, pp. 2) The guideline of target alludes to the central motivation behind the war/military activity, which must be obviously recognized, characterized and achieved in a successful way. The two gatherings associated with the fight included Napoleon’s armed force on one hand, and the united powers involving the British, the Belgians, the Germans, and the Prussians on the other. The fundamental goal of Napoleon was to pro ceed with his increase and predominance, and reestablish his capacity after his outcast, in the year 1815 and to overcome the united European powers which had started to reassemble their militaries in an offer to oust Napoleon’s rule. Napoleon’s objective was to demolish the endeavors of the united powers, keep them from increasing more help and extending their current alliance, and pulverize the British, Prussian, Dutch, and Belgian armed forces before they could assemble more help and help from different forces. Then again, the essential target of the partnered powers was to stop the emperor’s (Napoleon’s) increase, and oust him and along these lines carry an end to his rule by vanquishing him and to end his dictator rule as the sovereign of France. 2. The rule of Offensive: This standard involves the maintenance, seizing of and abusing the activities of the foe by propelling a hostile

Impact of culture on online consumer purchase decision Thesis Proposal

Effect of culture on online customer buy choice - Thesis Proposal Example The current research has recognized that the coming of the web in the business has essentially changed the business. Associations are putting forth steady attempts to win the client on different channels. Enormous writing has been created to investigate the effect of various factors on the buyer buy choice. The expanding job of the web has driven the scientists to investigate the components that assume a viable job in driving buyer to execute on the web. Culture as a factor has gotten constrained consideration. Thus, the issue explanation for this proposed examination is an investigation of the job of culture all in all in influencing the purchaser buy choice while making an online exchange. The point of the examination alludes to the focal thought around which the whole investigation rotates. With this definition at work, the point of this examination is to decide the effect of culture on the buy choice of the shopper while making an online exchange. With this point, following desti nations are intended to be accomplished: In the light of a particular meaning of the way of life, distinguishing proof of a particular arrangement of components that decide the way of life. Â Exploration of the effect of culture on purchaser dynamic procedure. Investigation of the distinction in purchaser dynamic procedure in on the web and disconnected exchange. Investigation of various elements of culture on the online buyer dynamic procedure.

Marketing Environment Explanation, Components, and Importance

Marketing Environment Explanation, Components, and Importance There are many factors which affect the performance of a business. They can be internal such as employees, material, and budget or external such as customers, suppliers, and your competitors.The combination of these forces is commonly referred to as Marketing Environment.You, as a business leader, have the ability or power to control only the internal factors.On the other hand, you have to continually change your marketing strategy for the factors beyond your control that are the external factors.These factors also fluctuate from time to time, making it necessary for you to adapt your marketing campaigns accordingly.WHAT IS MARKETING ENVIRONMENT?All the external and internal elements sway the business performance in their own unique way. Similarly, they can vary at any moment without any prior warning.Your capability, as a business manager, to develop and maintain a profitable and long-lasting relationship with the clients actually depends upon the influence and variables of the mark eting environment.In fact, there is an assortment of such factors and most of them are unmanageable. You can only hope that they remain constant for a long time for your business to flourish.Here is a general diagram of the marketing environment. Source: yourarticlelibrary.comIt is actually the duty of the companys marketing team to develop strategies that can withstand the shifting environment and help the company to continue earning the profit.Any failure in this regard can have serious consequences for the business and its profitability.You can exercise full control over the internal factors.They usually include materials, machines, workers, and owners.Similarly, the suppliers, business processes, leave and medical policy, salaries, the general public, customers, competitors, and business intermediaries also fall in this category.The external factors can be further classified into two different groups that are the micro factors and the macro factors.The earlier factors are also related to the business, but they are usually external such as manufacturing, distribution, and promotion of products and services.Macro factors are those which affect society in general. They may come in many forms such as the economy, demographics , socio-cultural environment, and political, technological and social scenarios of the businesss home country.According to Philip Kotler, the father of modern marketing:A companys marketing environment consists of the factors and forces outside of marketing that affect marketing management ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers.THE COMPONENTS OF MARKETING ENVIRONMENTAs mentioned above, there are many factors which constitute the marketing environment.While the business has full control over the internal environment, the external environment is totally beyond its control in most cases.The following video explains some components of the marketing environment. The following lines explain both these types of marketing environments in detail.The Internal Marketing EnvironmentAs the name suggests, all the factors which are within the control of business comprise the internal environment.These forces also have the capacity to affect the operations of a ny company, especially sales and marketing.You can categorize these factors under the famous 5Ms of the business which are as follows.MenMoneyMachineryMaterialsMarketsYou need to keep in mind that much of your marketing success normally comes from internal planning.Therefore, all the internal factors play a pivotal role in whether or not your marketing strategy is going to succeed.You have to identify all the aspects of your marketing strategy you can control while addressing all the external factors. It will help you create the right communication and marketing plan.It is the only way to launch your products and services and get them approved by the public.This video brilliantly elaborates internal marketing environment in great detail. There are, in fact, a lot of factors which constitute the internal environment. We are going to throw some light on the most important of these factors.Corporate ObjectivesYour corporate objectives are the most important factor when it comes to mark eting and other business operations.It is pertinent to note that the corporate objectives are totally different from the marketing objectives. You need to set marketing objectives in order to attain your corporate goals.For instance, your corporate goal could be to become the largest tire manufacturer in the world in the next ten years but this cannot be your marketing goal.The marketing goal could be reaching to a larger audience and promoting your products to them.If your campaigns are good enough, they will attract more people to your business and it will eventually achieve its corporate objectives.In simple words, the corporate objectives do influence your marketing campaigns. However, corporate objectives and marketing objectives are not analogous. You set marketing objectives to attain bigger business goals, whatever they may be.Finance or MoneyFinance or money is an integral part of the 5Ms of a business. The financial budget of any business directly affects its sales and mar keting activities. Based on the money at your disposal, you decide where and how you are going to spend it.For example, most small businesses cannot afford a full-fledged in-house marketing team. As a result, they normally resort to hiring outside contractors such as graphic designers, web developers, and social media specialists.Sometimes, they totally outsource their advertisement, promotions and public relations campaigns.On the other hand, larger companies such as Sony and Samsung have unlimited money. They hire some of the best marketing brains in the world and spend billions of dollars on their marketing campaigns.It is difficult for smaller companies to compete with industry giants in terms of spending money. They can only defeat them by bringing innovation and creativity to their campaigns.Human Resource or MenThe quality, experience, and efficiency of your workforce are crucial to the success of your marketing campaigns. This is especially true if you are some sort of servi ce provider.In order to have a decisive advantage over your competitors, you need to have a motivated and well-trained workforce.Only such a team can deliver the highest levels of productivity and customer service, necessary to produce quality products and to successfully market them.Business CultureA companys business culture is another key factor. It can make or break your marketing strategy. A customers oriented business will always look for new ways to satisfy their customers and meet their needs at any cost.You can end up setting unrealistic and unachievable marketing goals if you are a product-oriented organization.Operational IssuesIf you want to compete with your rivals in terms of cost efficiency, quality, and productivity, you have to pay special attention to your operations and procedures.For instance, you can easily achieve your marketing and revenue targets through effective capacity management.Similarly, it is imperative for you to provide the latest tools and machines for your staff if you want to have any chance of success.No matter how skillful and talented your team is, you cannot get the desired results if your men are using obsolete technology.Product DevelopmentProduct development is a constantly evolving process. Resting on your laurels can have serious consequences for your business.You have to strive incessantly to introduce changes and improvements to your products to make them more appealing to your target audience.Keeping your customers taste and changing requirements in mind is of utmost importance, especially when you are competing with so many other companies.Launching a great product will not only present you as an authority in your respective industry, but it will also encourage your marketing team to promote your products with more zeal and zest.InnovationAnother important part of the internal marketing environment is innovation.You must introduce innovation to everything within your business to compete with other companies and the marketing campaigns are no exception.Innovation in marketing helps you get one step ahead of your competitors. Innovation can take many shapes such as new initiatives in the marketing strategy, extensive training of the marketing team and steps taken for their welfare.Embracing new marketing technologies and tools is yet another method to keep up with your rivals and even beat them.Your business is in grave danger if it lacks innovation, especially in its product development and marketing departments. It means your business will be dull, stagnant, boring, and lacking the ability to withstand changes constantly occurring in the industry.Stakeholder’s   GoalsThe marketing team should also try to comprehend what the companys shareholders (owners, partners, investors) want to achieve. What are their goals and objectives and how they plan to attain them? This particular knowledge can sometimes be extremely helpful and goal driven.It is imperative for you as a marketer to consider the companys employees as stakeholders as well. You have to learn what is important to them, what they think, what they want and how do they work.The Current Marketing StrategyBusinesses need to regularly rethink and evaluate marketing strategies and their degree of success.For instance, you can ponder over how compatible your current strategy is with your marketing environment and overall goal and objectives.Obviously, a successful marketing strategy only needs subtle tweaking from time to time. On the contrary, you may have to substantially revise an unsuccessful strategy to make it work.The External Marketing EnvironmentAs mentioned above, the external business environment is comprised of factors which are beyond the control of a business. A marketer has little to no control over these factors.They can also vary at any time without any prior warning, often leaving the marketers in the lurch. As a result, marketers have to constantly update and revise their strategies to keep up w ith marketing trends.This video by Alanis Business Academy defines the external business environment. Marketing experts further divide the external marketing environment into two main types.Micro EnvironmentAlso referred to as the task environment, the factors constituting the micro external marketing environment are somewhat under the control of a marketer.These factors are usually directly related to business, enabling the marketers to leverage them in the company’s favor to some extent.They normally include customers, competitors, the general public, business partners, marketing intermediaries, and suppliers, etc.CustomersCustomers are essential for every business to survive. You cannot possibly sell your products and services if you have no loyal customer base.The purpose of every business is to fulfill the needs and demands of a specific section of society.Customers of every business have their own unique demands and requirements. Therefore, all the marketing strategies are c ustomers oriented in some way or another.Marketers strive to understand what their customers desire through these marketing campaigns. Based on their findings, they come up with the best possible products to serve their customers.EmployeesEmployees are a part of the internal as well as the external marketing environment. Perhaps, they are the most important component of any business.Your employees work diligently and contribute significantly to the success of your business. Your company is destined to fail if you do not have a highly trained and skillful team at your disposal.If your employees have easy access to training and motivation sessions, they will be more efficient and skillful. Continuous professional development plays a pivotal role in imparting the necessary marketing skills to your team.This is only possible if you organize high-quality training and development classes for them on a regular basis.SuppliersIn order to manufacture products of the highest standard, you hav e to acquire high-quality material from your suppliers. Hence, suppliers are the jugular vein of any business. You simply cannot deny their importance for the success of your business.It is crucial to identify all the relevant suppliers in your industry and to develop good relationships with them.Subsequently, you can do business with any or all of them as long as they fulfill your firms requirements.Retailers and DistributorsJust like suppliers, retailers and distributors are essential for keeping your business afloat. As a matter of fact, your marketing operations can only succeed if you have good channel friends to take care of your products.They are in direct contact with your customers. Therefore, they can give you valuable information and suggestions about what your customers want from you.Your CompetitorsYou have to keep abreast with the latest developments and trends in the industry. One way of attaining this goal is to keep a close eye on your competitors.In fact, there are many benefits to competitive analysis.For example, you will have a good look at their marketing strategy and the methods they use to attract more customers.You can also modify your strategy and incorporate some of the techniques your competitors are using to a great effect.ShareholdersThe objective of every company is to maximize the wealth of their owners or other shareholders if it has any.You should devise marketing activities which can considerably increase the return on their investment.General PublicAll the businesses must also fulfill their social responsibility towards the society in which they operate.You should formulate marketing strategies which eventually result in the collective benefit and welfare of the society which your business is part of.The GovernmentThe government is another important factor which you should take seriously. It is the government which forms different policies such as the education policy, house policy, employment policy, price policy and of cou rse, the business policy.All these policies definitely have some level of influence on your marketing strategy. It is your own responsibility to keep track of these policies and develop your marketing campaign accordingly.Macro EnvironmentThese are the forces which do not directly influence the business, but they have a general effect on the industry. The macro environment has the following parts.DemographicsBusinesses that ignore to incorporate demography of their targeted audience in their marketing strategy are meant to fail. After all, your business is all about the people and how to serve them.Before making your marketing strategy, you must study the target populace and its age structure, conveyance, purchasing power and so on and so forth.This is essential because different factions of the populace rely on different things and factors. Similarly, they have their own customs, traditions, and ways of living.You can launch the products which meet the most basic needs of the buyer s if you measure each of the above variables and combine the result. It is rightly said that:To comprehend the business sector you must comprehend its demography.Economic EnvironmentSome of the most important economic factors that influence marketing efforts are investment rates, monetary values, inflation rate, exchange rate, the balance of power and fiscal strategies, etc. For instance, individuals will only buy your products when they have money to spend.The financial environment either expands the disposable income of an individual or decreases it, greatly influencing his purchasing behaviors.The value of money decreases during inflation, making it harder for people to buy more products. Likewise, you should also consider the average income of a person.A couple will have greater purchasing power if both partners work.You may be able to sell your products effortlessly to such people as compared to single parents with negligible income.Physical EnvironmentThe physical environment includes factors like the accessibility of raw materials, availability of water, atmosphere, climate, and environmental change.Your organization should implement its marketing strategy according to the constraints set by nature.Nature does offer resources but in a constricted manner. It is important for you to use these resources proficiently.You have to find the best use of resources to manufacture products which are accessible to all and sundry. Natural resources are exhaustible and therefore, you should use them carefully otherwise, you will eventually run out of them.Political and Legal FactorsThe market environment experiences many changes whenever a new political party comes into power.The new government may increase or decrease tax and duties. It may also totally change the business codes and practices, trade policies and marketing regulations.Your company has to comply with new rules and regulations willingly or unwillingly.Any defiance in this regard can result in hefty fin es and penalties.Subsequently, your marketing strategy should also observe the relevant code of conduct to avoid any fiscal punishment or sanctions.Social and Cultural FactorsCultural and social elements influence our decision when it comes to buying something. Businesses have to take special care while creating commercials to avoid hurting the sentiments of the people they consider as their target audience.They also have a greater responsibility towards society in general.   Nowadays, people also expect companies to construct parks, hospitals, and public conveniences.Some companies also sponsor education and health care. It has become increasingly important for organizations to invest in the general welfare of the public.Otherwise, people will not buy from them, no matter how good their marketing strategy is.Another thing organizations cannot ignore while structuring their marketing strategy is culture. Every marketing manager must thoroughly investigate and study the culture in wh ich he wants to promote the products.For example, there are many cultural groups in Pakistan such as Punjabis, Sindhis, Balochs, Pakhtoons and Kashmiris.The marketing manager must observe various cultural practices and distinctions before finalizing his marketing campaign.Technological FactorsThe ever-changing technology has put the businesses into bigger trouble. They have to keep themselves updated with the latest technological developments to manufacture products which people actually like or want.Those companies which do not take these changes seriously quickly go to oblivion where Nokia is the best example.Similarly, innovative and technologically advanced products have become synonymous with better living standards.IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING ENVIRONMENTIt is vital for an organization to study and comprehend the marketing environment. In fact, it is necessary for its very survival. Some of the benefits you can avail by grasping your marketing environment are as under.The importanc e of the marketing environment as explained by Remy Lemmens, a Strategic Advisor and Program Manager at Gemeente Goes. Identification of OpportunitiesIt helps you identify new opportunities and leverage them for the benefit of your organization as well as your employees and customers.For example, if you learn that your customers like your products more than that of your rivals, you can offer them big discounts to capitalize on this opportunity.Identification of ThreatsThe marketing environment analysis does not only identifies opportunities for you, but it also enables you to identify threats to your business. It gives you warning signs, enabling you to take necessary precautionary measures.For example, you can take many different steps to counter the threat of a multinational company entering into the industry.You may carry out an aggressive promotional campaign or reduce the price of your products to compete with whatever your new competitor has to offer.It Helps in Managing Chang eStudy of your marketing environment can assist you to cope with both the sudden and expected changes.You can also incorporate some of the changes in advance to effectively put your competitors on the back footCONCLUSIONA marketing manager must consider the internal and external marketing factors while formulating his marketing strategy.Marketing environment plays a pivotal role in important business activities such as marketing and product development.You must review it on a regular basis to keep your marketing strategy relevant and profitable.

Sonnet 71 Analysis Essay - 1281 Words

Laura ENG-260 11 December 2011 William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 71 William Shakespeare is one of the most well-known writers of all time. His sonnets are timeless and his plays are performed again and again. Much of his history is known, but can also be considered a little cloudy. He seemed to be a sarcastic man not necessarily loved by all. I enjoy his plays, but personally love his sonnets best of all. Knowing the controversy surrounding his life, â€Å"Sonnet 71† offers a slight insight into all of that. â€Å"Sonnet 71† is part of a sequence of sonnets that talk of the love surrounding a young man, then describes a love triangle, and then ends with the talk of a mysterious dark woman. â€Å"Sonnet 71† is a typical fourteen line sonnet with†¦show more content†¦The poet is speaking to the young man mentioned in his previous sonnets. Lines 2 and 3 speak of hearing the bells toll, which announce a death of a member of the church, and of how the man should inform the world o f the poet’s death (Shakespeare 71.2-3). Also, the bells will take part in announcing to the world the passing. Line 4 states, â€Å"From this vile world, with vilest worms to dwell† (Shakespeare 71.4). Shakespeare’s description of the world as vile leads me to believe that he viewed the world as corrupt and disgusting. He was not pleased with his environment. When speaking of dwelling with worms, it is perhaps in reference to his corpse being buried in the dirt. The next quatrain shows the love the author has for the man. He does not want to think of his love mourning for him because that would mean the young man was unhappy. He tells him to remember him not, because he loves him so (Shakespeare 71.5-6). It reminds me of a selfless love. Shakespeare values the other person’s happiness more than himself. Instead of being grieved over and become a treasured memory, he would rather he be forgotten than inflict pain upon those he loved. It is a h umbling concept and makes me ponder the thought of how many people truly love like that. Lines 5-8 are my favorite. The next lines, lines 9-12, speak of the future. The poet describes a time when he will be compounded with clay, in other words, turned to dust.Show MoreRelatedSonnet 71 And Annabel Lee Analysis1412 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Sonnet 71† written by William Shakespeare, and â€Å"Annabel Lee† written by Edgar Allen Poe are two poems written with a common theme but also had distinct differences. A similarity shared in these poems is both poets putting their lovers first and show nothing but love for them. Shakespeare focuses on how he does not want his loved ones to mourn his death. Instead he wants them to remember he loved them, but as his body decays their love should as well. Poe writes about his lover, who was moreRead MoreThe Controversial Ending of King Lear by William Shakespeare Essays1580 Words   |  7 Pages305-307) Albany (or Edgar) says: The weight of this sad time we must obey; Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say. (V, iii, 322-323) Both ending suggest further discourse. In Romeo and Juliet, what circumstances bring about the horrors? The Sonnet Prologue speaks of â€Å"star crossed lovers† but in Lear, Edmund dismisses such as superstitious nonsense, and like Iago to Roderigo, believes humans chart their own destiny by making opportunities for themselves. Romeo, according to the Friar, defiesRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagespoetry? Good questions! This web page provides a quick overview of poetry analysis. Please note that this handout discusses the basics of poetry; there is much more to know about it than there is room to discuss here. Laurence Perrine s book LITERATURE: STRUCTURE, SOUND, AND SENSE can provide more detailed information about poetry analysis. Until you can get a copy of the book, I hope this page helps you begin your poetry analysis work. What is poetry ? Poetry goes beyond the rhyming of words. TheRead More Male Masochism in the Religious Lyrics of Donne and Crashaw Essay3473 Words   |  14 PagesRichard Rambusss Pleasure and Devotion: The Body of Jesus and Seventeenth-Century Religious Lyric, in which he opens up possibilities for reading eroticism (especially homoeroticism) in early modern representations of Christs body. In this analysis, Rambuss opposes Caroline Walker Bynum who, in response to Leo Steinbergs The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art, claims that depictions of Christs genitalia (the focus of Steinbergs work) can only be regarded as erotic from a modern standpointRead MoreDe Thi Thu Thpt Quoc Gia 2015 Mon Tieng Anh Truong Thpt Chuyen Luong Van Chanh Lan 13624 Words   |  15 Pagesdegree C. strength D. eagerness VI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from (46)to (55) Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The natural History of Selboure (1786 ) , the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plovers nest , and how the mother laidRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare2594 Words   |  11 Pagesis about a character whose tragic flaw leads to his downfall and to the demise of many of the other characters. William Shakespeare was a playwright during the Elizabethan Era who was made famous for his literary works of tragedies, comedies and sonnets. One of Shakespeare?s most renowned tragedies is Hamlet. In this classic tragedy the protagonist, Hamlet, pursues revenge and seeks justice against the antagonist, Claudius, for the murder of King Hamlet. As a result of his pursuits, Hamlet, his familyRead MoreMotivating Your K-12 Students Essay3152 Words   |  13 PagesThe size of the sample ranged from 20-28 PE students per school aging from 5 to 15 years old. The criterion for the students participation was obtained from a Physical Educational database. In the study, the researchers used a computerized meta-analysis as a method of data collection to survey students reactions from a teacher centered classroom vs. a student centered classroom. Empirical knowledge suggests that students appear to experience minimal distress when they were surveyed 1.5 to 2 weeksRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesrhymes that occur at the ends of lines 29. end-stopped line: a line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation. 30. fixed form: a poem in which the length and pattern are prescribed by previous usage or tradition, such as sonnet, limerick, and villanelle. 31. flashback: a scene in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem that interrupts the chronological action and provides information about the past. 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The Cinema: Language or Language System? 31 Some Points in the Semiotics of the Cinema, 92 Problems of Denotation in the Fiction Film, 108 III Syntagmatic Analysis of the Image Track Chapter 6. Outline of the Autonomous Segments in Jacques Rozier s film Adieu Philippine, 149 Chapter 7. Syntagmatic Study of Jacques Rozier s Film Adieu Philippine, 177 vii viii CONTENTS IV The Modern Cinema: Some Theoretical

Louis Armstrong The Father Of Jazz And The Starter Of A...

Louis Armstrong was perhaps the father of Jazz and the starter of a whole new way to express the African-American culture, but he was also much more than that. Armstrong was one of the greatest leaders that the African Americans could have asked for, whether or not they knew it at the time. He was not recognized for his leadership skills as much as he was for the iconic jazz music he created. Louis Armstrong expressed black culture through his music and did not make it for people to enjoy, instead he made it because he loved it and felt that it was important to him. He said that the pleasure he got from it was his inspiration for life . He was often considered a â€Å"traitor of his art† by both blacks and whites for the way he revolutionized Jazz by incorporating things into his music that was unheard of, such as scat . During this time, the civil rights movement was occurring. While other African Americans were using tactics like bus boycotts, marching, and sit-ins, Louis sa t quietly yet had an equal, if not bigger, impact . People considered Louis Armstrong a silent fighter during the Civil rights movement because he sat back quietly and did not comment much on it, but instead let his music doing the talking. Louis Armstrong used his revolutionary jazz music to bring together blacks and whites and help end segregation and unequal rights. Armstrong made sure that his individuality be expressed and known throughout the country. Louis Armstrong was born on August 4, 1901 andShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesothers who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneou s study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis

Expressing Yourself Free Essays

Expressing Yourself Many people have opinions on what they see others wear. They feel that if everyone looks the same that there will be less problems. I believe they are wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Expressing Yourself or any similar topic only for you Order Now Have you ever went to a school where they were about to give you a dress code? What was your opinion on the subject? If school officials like principals and vice principals decide they want to enforce a uniform rule they are not helping anything. They will be taking away students creativity and their ability to express themselves. When people wear what they want they feel confident and comfortable in their own skin. If official change the way we dress it would make for a very boring school. There are so many personalities in a school and they all make the school a fun place to be where others can express themselves without being judged. This will help with a self- esteem problem. Many kids have a self- esteem issue. If people think that wearing a uniform will help them love themselves more they are wrong. I believe it will only make them look down on themselves. Think about it, if they are out of shape and they see someone in better shape than them and there wearing the same thing their going to think they are ugly Clayton 2 and worthless. Even if people choose how students would dress it wouldn’t help all the other reasons why kids get bullied now-a-days. Everyone should feel beautiful and wearing clothes that you want helps you feel better about yourself. Clothes can also be therapeutic. Sometimes being a misfit is what brings joy to someone. They don’t want to be the same as everyone else. In the constitution it states that we have the right to be free. Free to dress however we would like. If they make us where uniforms it would be taking away one of our rights. I also believe that students parents don’t have all the money in the world to be spending on their child’s clothes. Uniforms are not clothes that students could wear on and everyday basis. Adding uniforms to a schools dress code would allow parents to spend way more money than what they usually would. They would have to pay for their child’s school clothes plus their regular clothes. I believe school uniforms should not be allowed in schools. I believe wearing uniforms is just all around a bad idea. They don’t allow students to express themselves and their personalities, they don’t help with bullying in the school system, and they take away student rights. I think that if schools really want to have uniforms they should pay for every single students uniform in the school. Students take pride in what they wear and by having to wear a uniform you would just be lowering their self- esteem. How to cite Expressing Yourself, Essay examples

Is america too dependent on technology free essay sample

Are Americans too dependent on technology? Do you think Americans are too dependent on technology? Americans have become so reliant on technology in the 21st century that a vast majority of us probably wouldn’t know what to do if one day all the electronics just shut down. For example, I depended on this computer in order to write this paper, instead of just doing it the old fashioned way with a pencil and a piece of paper. Cell phones have become a â€Å"must have† in almost everyone’s life even the younger kids. I personally believe that we, Americans, are extremely too dependent on technology. Even though technology helps us in many ways it can also harm us as well. Despite the ease technology has given us â€Å"technology has caused people to become so reliant that, in a poll by CNET, 28 percent of people said they wouldn’t be able to live without high- speed Internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Is america too dependent on technology? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The younger generation has lost its curious nature to explore to world. Instead, children are hiding behind a TV screen or Xbox game† (America). Many American children have awful social skills in todays time because they’re so stuck on their phones or computers. For example, my little brother is so stuck on his phone, ipad, or tv that when he has to talk to people in person he shuts down because he’s so used to just talking to people through his electronics. â€Å"Some experts believe excessive use of the Internet, cellphones and other technologies can cause us to become more impatient, impulsive, forgetful and even more narcissistic† (An Ugly). Another large problem technology has caused for us.

Bamboo in the Wind by Azucena Uranza

Bamboo in the Wind by Azucena Uranza CN: 14 Teng, Marc Gabriel Kiac 16 December 2013H.S. IV-DBamboo in the WindFrom the title itself, 'Bamboo in the Wind' indicates the Filipinos' resilience, just as a bamboo tends to bend with the wind. Although the plot revolves around the Marcos' regime, the cast of characters is able to cope with the changes in the society. In the novel, the character of Larry depicts the idealism turned to realism due to his resilience in the awakening of the Filipinos from their idyllic dream of a better Philippines, especially in the means to do so.Returning from the United States, the land of dreams, Larry begins as an idealist because a man's ideal dream is to live a life that's happily ever after, evident from the text"He had been eager to leave at first. But when the time drew near, he wanted to give up, preferring to stay and work.Bacolod Public Plaza during bicycle races in 1901,...In the U.S., he worked for a while after getting his degree but found no point in prolonging his stay in a for eign land. His place was home. And here he was, he thought happily, home at last, starting a new life, like a rebirth."Furthermore, although he says the line to Connie "I can't be expected to fall in love with a political entity called a nation," his actions do not reflect his words; in fact, it is even Connie who informs Larry of the political situation, which is exemplified in the lines of Connie,"Why should the government be so lavish in its so-called cultural programs, why should we at Holy Trinity pour out a lot of money on so much nonsense, while Jenny languished in Sta. Monica to grow up illiterate because the government and citizens like us can't afford or...

Free Essays on Endangered Species

Endangered species are living things whose population is so reduced that they are threatened with extinction. Thousands of species are included in this category. The International Union for the Conservation of nature and Natural Resources publishes a list of threatened mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and (many people donÕt consider them) plants. CAUSES OF EXTINCTION Millions of years before humans, extinction of living things was linked to geological and climate, the effects of which were translated into major alternation of the environment. Environmental change is still the primary cause of the extinction of animals, but now the changes are greatly accelerated by humans activity. Clearing land for farms and towns, lumbering, mining, building dams, and draining wetlands all alter the environments so extensively that ecosystems may be completely destroyed. With a burgeoning human population requiring food, shelter, and clothing and constantly demanding more energy-using devi ces, the temperation to exploit land for human use without regard for consequences is great. Frequently, several forms of environmental change are responsible for the disappearance of species. For example, as tropical forests are cut down, primates have progressively smaller feeding and living spaces. They also become more accessible to hunters, who kill monkeys for food and trap many primates for sale as pets, research animals, and zoo specimens. Some animal species may move into human communities when their own are destroyed. Extermination of marauding monkeys, roaming tigers, or foraging deer is easy to justify by people whose livelihood is threatened. Pollution is another form of environments change. Forty species of birds in the United States, including peregrine hawk, bald eagle, pelicans, and roseate terns, lay thin-shelled as a result of ingesting degradation products of and some other chlorination hydrocarbon insecticides that make their way into the f... Free Essays on Endangered Species Free Essays on Endangered Species Endangered species are living things whose population is so reduced that they are threatened with extinction. Thousands of species are included in this category. The International Union for the Conservation of nature and Natural Resources publishes a list of threatened mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and (many people donÕt consider them) plants. CAUSES OF EXTINCTION Millions of years before humans, extinction of living things was linked to geological and climate, the effects of which were translated into major alternation of the environment. Environmental change is still the primary cause of the extinction of animals, but now the changes are greatly accelerated by humans activity. Clearing land for farms and towns, lumbering, mining, building dams, and draining wetlands all alter the environments so extensively that ecosystems may be completely destroyed. With a burgeoning human population requiring food, shelter, and clothing and constantly demanding more energy-using devi ces, the temperation to exploit land for human use without regard for consequences is great. Frequently, several forms of environmental change are responsible for the disappearance of species. For example, as tropical forests are cut down, primates have progressively smaller feeding and living spaces. They also become more accessible to hunters, who kill monkeys for food and trap many primates for sale as pets, research animals, and zoo specimens. Some animal species may move into human communities when their own are destroyed. Extermination of marauding monkeys, roaming tigers, or foraging deer is easy to justify by people whose livelihood is threatened. Pollution is another form of environments change. Forty species of birds in the United States, including peregrine hawk, bald eagle, pelicans, and roseate terns, lay thin-shelled as a result of ingesting degradation products of and some other chlorination hydrocarbon insecticides that make their way into the f...

Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Branding - Essay Example The TBI magazine is sold by the vendors who are homeless in UK (Big Issue, 2013d). Brand Audit A brand audit is conducted to examine the current strategic position of the company, identify the areas which are of additional value and suggest recommendations to improve the brand image of the company. A brand audit is conducted periodically by the management of the company to assess the market position of the company and that of its competitors. The study will conduct a brand audit of the TBI magazine to understand its current market position and suggest ways to strengthen its brand image further. Brand Score Card Firstly, The Brand Score Card would be conducted to measure the performance of TBI. The four major dimensions of the scorecard would be functional performance, convenience of access of the products, brand personality and pricing of the product (Pfoertsch and Kotler, 2006). Functional Performance TBI is the only street entertainment magazine in UK; it provides employment opport unities, financial assistance and housing facilities to the homeless people of UK. Apart from being a magazine seller, TBI also acts a charitable organization accepting donations from individual for providing facilities for the homeless people. Currently, the TBI magazine provides employment opportunities to more than 2000 homeless people of UK. ... TBI is solely dependent on charitable donations made by individuals, other charitable organizations, corporations, government etc. Since, the operations of TBI are solely based on the donations the company does not have the opportunity to expand its activities further. Being a social organization TBI does not lay special emphasis on the logo, brand ambassador, packaging and promotional activities. The organization is supported extensively by various other charitable organizations, government etc for funding purposes. For example GISDA has decided to collaborate with TBI to help the homeless people especially aged between 16 to 25 years old (Big Issue, 2013a). Pricing Value Component The magazine is bought at a price of 75 pence by the vendors and sold for ?1.50 making a profit of 50 percent per issue. It is one of the least expensive entertainment magazines of UK (O2, 2010). The minimum value of donating money to TBI is ?10 which is deducted through SMS facility of the donor. Quantit ative &Qualitative Brand Elements Profitability TBI is a social enterprise which aims at providing monetary and non monetary benefits to the homeless people of UK and the main objective of the organization is not to yield profits. The organization runs most of its operation through donations. As per the annual report of TBI in the year 2012 the organization received voluntary donations and statutory grants of ?1273475 (Big Issue, 2013b). The organization incurred an expenditure of ?112008; the received donation was spent providing financial, housing, legal and health benefits to the homeless people (Big Issue, 2013b). A certain proportion of the money is spent on the up gradation of the

Why do people need self esteem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why do people need self esteem - Essay Example The significance and rationale for having self esteem can be well imagined by these words, â€Å"People with high self esteem know more about themselves.† (Campbell, 1990) Many would agree that positive attitudes about ourselves, our capabilities and accomplishments ideally should arise from our own evaluation of ourselves. Approval, applause and praise from others are enjoyable and it can certainly feel good to be on the receiving end of it, but the appraisal of us by others should not determine our sense of self-worth. individuals sometimes get in a bind trying to feel good about ourselves yet not wanting to come off appearing too conceited to others. It is the very act of needing to take into account how individuals lose genuine self-esteem. Instead, allow yourself to be your own judge of who you are. individuals cannot control how others feel but individuals can control how individuals feel about ourselves. Self-esteem means you can continue to consider yourself as an OK p erson despite being less than perfect. As narrated by DuBois in his article, â€Å"A high level of overall self esteem is generally facilitative of health and well being, but that these benefits can be obscured when maladaptive strategies are relied on to acquire and sustain positive self evaluations.† ... In social acceptability, self esteem is highly valued. Most of success and failures are bound with the interrelationship of our personality and self esteem level it carries. â€Å"We manage our existential terror by creating and putting our faith into a cultural worldview, and through the self-esteem that comes from living up to the standards of this worldview (Pyszczynski, et. al. 2004)†. Besides this, self esteem also has certain connections with level of anxiety and worry faced by an individual. â€Å"People need self-esteem to buffer the anxiety and avoid being paralyzed by it, so they can move forward toward their important goals. To get self-esteem, people must believe in a cultural worldview that specifies standards for what makes a person valuable, and they must believe they satisfy those standards.† (Crocker & Nuer, 2004) Existential terror shatters the personality and psychology of the sufferers badly and adversely. â€Å"The dual components of cultural world view and self-esteem mitigate the effects of existential terror, and that reminders of one’s mortality lead to the need for these psychological structures. This is known as the mortality salience hypothesis† (Pyszczynski et al., 2004) Why Self Esteem necessary for Student? Students make a large portion of population. They remain anxious and ambitious about their performance, competence and results in the examination. This creates a lot of worry and wonder for them. But, if self esteem is at high level, a student may feel relieved. They can achieve the highest goal with their high self esteem. â€Å"Pursuing self-esteem is an effective solution to the problem of anxiety, that it helps people achieve their important

Influence By The Nazi Propaganda System Politics Essay

Influence By The Nazi Propaganda System Politics Essay Between the years 1933 and 1939 the Nazi regime in Germany grew incredibly fast. Hitler entered the National Socialists cabinet in January 1933, and two months after this, Hitler had strengthen his political power by supposedly, entirely legal means. The Nazis were trying to consolidate their power and in order to get this; they had to convince people of the value of their regime. In this paper will attempt to identify the effects that the Nazi Propaganda had in the outcome of the National Socialist regime. To achieve this I will analyze Germanys situation in the period of 1933 to 1939, where the National Socialist regime achieved its main aim using all kinds of methods; for example various legislative and administrative changes made by Hitler, the achievement of economical recovery, create fear of the National Socialist regimes amongst society, and propaganda. Although there are other very important factors to attribute the consolidation of power of the National Socialists, propaganda was definitely one of the major causes of this. Even though it is extremely difficult to measure the exact extent in which propaganda affected the Nazi consolidation, the huge propaganda campaign in which Hitler was portrayed as the savoir of Germany, had an enormous impact and influence on the German people. The master propagandist of the Nazi regime, Joseph Goebbels, was convinced that the Ministry had the mission of achieving mobilization and mind of spirit on Germany  [1]  . As a consequence of this, and other National Socialist thoughts, Joseph Goebbels created a propaganda campaign in which Hitler was portrayed as a great man that helped the economical recovery of Germany; he was most likely portrayed as Germanys saviour. Goebbels, in his attempt to consolidate Nazi power and convince German people to support them used the technique of total propaganda. In other words, the government had control over the media  [2]  . Soon after that, Goebbels took control of the newspapers, and although their writing stile did not change, most the newspapers promoted fascism and Nazi German nationalism. As Goebbels work was evidentially giving results, and he was mostly responsible for bringing Hitler to the centre of political stage, he was rewarded with the position of Reich Minister for Public Entertainment and Propaganda; This gave him total control of the communications media, meaning the radio, press, cinema, publishing and others. As a result of this a completely new generation of manipulation was created. Once they had taken over most Germany, the propaganda ministry was split into seven different departments; it consisted of administration and organization, propaganda, radio, press, films, theatre and adult education. As Germany was trying to convince German society that the National Socialist regime was the best for them, they were also caring out World War II. It was extremely important to convince people that fighting was necessary in order for Germany to stay stable. Propaganda played a highly important role in the confining of German people that supported the war. Most of Nazi German propaganda consisted of material sustaining the wartime effort. Besides this Hitler and the higher Nazi leaders encouraged racism and wished to begin the extermination of races that they considered inferior. Although there were already some unhappinesss between the German Jews and other Germans, it was still necessary to convince the German population that action against them was necessary. Propaganda must not investigate the truth objectively and, in so far as it is favourable to the other side, present it according to the theoretical rules of justice; yet it must present only that aspect of the truth which is favourable to its own side. () The receptive powers of the masses are very restricted, and their understanding is feeble. On the other hand, they quickly forget. Such being the case, all-effective propaganda must be confined to a few bare essentials and those must be expressed as far as possible in stereotyped formulas. These slogans should be persistently repeated until the very last individual has come to grasp the idea that has been put forward. () Every change that is made in the subject of a propagandist message must always emphasize the same conclusion.2 This quote proves that not everything said by the government was truth and that there were things that the Nazis kept secret from the propaganda. It also shows Hitlers main intention by introducing Nazi pro paganda, which was to convince everyone that the National Socialist regime was the best for Germany. Even there were lots of types of propaganda all of them ended in the same conclusion and had the same intention of persuading people to support the National Socialist regime. Some historians think that the main reason why the Nazi Germany regime remained in place was due to the fear factor created by the Nazi propaganda. Organizations such as the SS would work to wipe out anyone who didnt agree with what the Nazi propaganda said. Although the fear factor influenced and was seen in a large minority, it affected a small minority. Thanks to this fear people would stop speaking about issues related to the National Socialist regime. Although fear may have helped to consolidate the power, propaganda also plays a part here. It was through the propaganda that the Nazis justified their actions, such as the Night of the Long Knives on June 30th, 1934, this operation consisted in a series of political executions; most of those killed were members of the Sturmabteilung also known as the SA and members of the Brownshirts, this were organizations against the National Socialist regime. This caused more fear in society and decreased their rebellion intentions. C. Evaluation of Sources. Source 1: Randall L. Bytwerk , Bending Spines: The Propagandas of Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic. This sources main purpose is to show why the Nazi propagandas had such a fast effect and how it impacted society from that time. It examines the range of techniques used by Nazis. It talks about how people were embraced by the propaganda; it describes how the propaganda was in control f basically every media of communication that is what made it a very good source for this paper. However the book also says that the effect of the propaganda did not last much and it explains that in a way, Nazi prpaganda failed since they expected more of their propaganda than what it actually was able to do. This is one of the weaknesses if the source since it is a contradiction to what I am trying to prove which is that the Nazi propaganda had a huge effect in the outcome of the Nazi regime. Source 2: Kallis, Aristotle A. Nazi Propaganda and the Second World War. This is a great source since it analyses every aspect of the effects of the Nazi propaganda, it explains how society was affected by it. It shows different kinds of perspectives, as the first source this one also says that the effect of the Nazi propaganda was not as big or as shocking as it is generally thought. It explains that the National Socialists were expecting propaganda to have a greater effect that what it had, however it had a part of the influence in the outcome of the Nazi regime. D. Analysis. Anyone who produced, distributed, broadcasted, published or sold any form of media or press had to first join one of the propaganda ministry departments and follow all the publishing rules they had. Hence, without the ministry license to practice their businesses, all artists, writers, publishers, producers and directors could not work in their field. Along with these guidelines, they brought up the prohibition of all Jewish newspaper and media. Due to the abolition of every anti-Nazi publications and media in general, public felt that the overall mood of all the media was pro-Nazi; As a result of this people knew that by disagreeing they would step out of the general mood and the terror of not conforming due to the total propaganda they were subjected to, contributed in an amazing way to the consolidation of power in Nazi Germany. This terror grew stronger by rebellion acts against the old order, such as the book burning of 1933, this was a campaign promoted by the National Socialis t regime in which every single book in Germany that had opposing ideas to those of the Nazis, or any book that might cause the rebellion of German civilians against the Nazis were burned. Undoubtedly Nazi propaganda films were increasingly popular and thus influential; the number of movie viewers in 1933 was 250 million meaning 249 million more than in 1942. Images of colossal gatherings and marches taking over a grand, powerful Germany were excellent for boosting moral and achieving confidence in the regime. The significant number of movie viewers was thanks to Goebbels idea that movies should not be overly propagandists and must be entertaining. However as in every other media, the ultimate goal was to influence people and drag them into Nazism. The typical films that Goebbels considered appropriate for propaganda were the classic dramas that centred on the great Prussian leaders and other influential figures. There were also some very straightforward war films that contained clear pro-German and pro- nationalistic messages, other films that performed a slightly different propaganda function, such as 1936 Olympia, which showed that Germany could put on a magnificent show for the Olympics. The huge success of the films during this period conveyed to the public the sense that Nazi regime was a regime of modern progress, breaking barriers in technology, convincing public that remaining with the Nazi party would be the only solution in order to progress. The Olympic Games of 1936 were handed to Berlin before the Nazis came to power, and Hitler thought of this as the perfect opportunity to demonstrate the world how efficient the Nazi Germany was. The Berlin Olympic Games were also the perfect scenario for the Nazis to prove the power of the Master Race. The Nazis gave an outstanding performance in the use of radio for the reporters. Twenty transmitting vans were put at the disposition of the foreign media along with 300 microphones. The radio broadcasts at the Olympics were given in 28 different languages. The director of NBC in America congratulated the Nazis for this service; this was a great triumph for the Public Entertainment and Propaganda Ministry Radio could also be considered as one of the greatest and most convincing propaganda. For example the Volksempfanger; in 1933, 4.5 million German houses had broadcast access and were listening to it. This was thanks to the availability of inexpensive radios. A factor of success of the radio was its personal nature, while the cinema was experienced with others, the radio had the ability for the Nazi party to talk to people in their own home, and also they could share it with the public thanks to the speakers in the streets. E. Conclusion The National Socialist regime held absolute control over Germany between the years 1933 and 1939. The Nazis dominated every aspect of the everyday life of ordinary people and made it almost impossible for people to escape the influence of Nazism in their family, their work, and even thinking. Even though the Nazis did bring some prosperity to Germany in economic ways at that time, the overall Nazi regime was based on terror and it was centred on the transformation of Germany which could only be completed by affecting the lives and thoughts of most, if not all of the German citizens. Most of the Nazi ideals were mainly promoted through films, radio, theatres and newspapers controlled by the National Socialist regime. There was no way of avoiding it; it was spread across every form of entertainment and media of communication. A significant percentage of Germans seem happy with Nazi control, however, those who were not, were harshly punished by either the Gestapo or the SS. The propagan da used in the wartime had a massive effect in people causing lots of German Citizens to join the National Socialist ideas and helping the Nazis to gain control over almost every German citizen. F. Sources and Word Count Word Count: 1994 Bytwerk, Randall L. Bending Spines: The Propagandas of Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2004. Kallis, Aristotle A. Nazi Propaganda and the Second World War. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Nazi and East German Propaganda, Guide Page, German Propaganda archive. The Holocaust History Project ,

Ethical Perspectives Essay

ABSTRACT: This paper will describe the four different types of ethical perspectives. We will start by describing my ethical perspective; which I found out to be â€Å"character† from my results on the Ethical Awareness Inventory Assessment. We will then evaluate the four types of ethical perspectives. Which include character/virtue, obligation/deontology, results/utilitarianism, and lastly, equity/relativism. Then we will conclude with a brief discussion on issues one is likely to encounter dealing with ethical dilemmas at Bank of America. The four ethical perspectives include character/virtue, obligation/deontology, results/utilitarianism, and equity/relativism; thus, making up CORE. These different ethical perspectives help to explain what drives an individual’s decision when faced with an ethical dilemma. It is easy for someone to say what they will do when faced with an example of an ethical dilemma; however, it is another thing to make that same decision when faced with an actual real-life dilemma. By understanding what perspective compels someone to make an ethical decision, it will be easier to make that decision when one really has to. I have found that my ethical perspective is character/virtue. I was not surprised when I got my results. I have always done my best to live a life of integrity, which is very important to me. The people in my life would agree. Character is a very, if not the most, important part of a persons make up. Without character you have no solid or clear foundation. Without character you most likely with not possess strong morals naturally. Character is the beginning building block of a successful and trustworthy person who is dependable and values integrity. Character/Virtue The properties of a virtue are very different from that of other moral concepts, such as value. Virtues are something that you possess only if you practice them. Values are what is important to people. I may value honesty, but not always tell the truth. I cannot possess the virtue of honesty without telling the truth (Ciulla, 2004). Aristotle once said, â€Å"Virtues are good habits that we learn from society and our leaders.† People must practice virtues while being fully conscious that what they are doing  is morally right. One thing about the Greek concept of virtue (aretà ©), which is also means excellence, is that it does not separate an individual’s ethics from one’s occupational ability. Both Plato and Aristotle used many examples of doctors, musicians, coaches, rulers, etc. to talk about the relationship between moral and professional excellence. Aristotle wrote, â€Å"Every excellence brings to good the thing to which it is the excellence and makes t he work of that thing be done well. . . . Therefore, if this is true in every case, the excellence of man also will be the state which makes man good and which makes him do his work well.† (Ciulla, 2004) Obligation/Deontology Deontological ethics or deontology, which means obligation or duty in Greek, is an approach to ethics that focuses on the right or wrong of actions themselves, as opposed to the consequences of those actions. It is sometimes described as â€Å"duty† or â€Å"obligation† based ethics, because deontologists believe that ethical rules â€Å"bind you to your duty†. Deontological ethics is commonly contrasted with consequentiality or teleological ethical theories, according to which the rightness of an action is determined by its consequences. Deontologists, such as W. D. Ross, hold that the consequences of an action, such as lying, may make lying the right thing to do (Ross, 2002). Many people feel obligated to do what is right just because of their ethical practices. I feel that no matter what, you should be ethical in everything that you do. Results/Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility, that is, its contribution to happiness or pleasure as summed among all persons. It is therefore a form of consequentialism, meaning that the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome. Utility has been defined by various people as happiness or pleasure, though preference utilitarians, define it as the satisfaction of preferences. It may be described as a life stance with happiness or pleasure as ultimate importance (Wikipedia 2008). Utilitarianism can be contrasted with deontological ethics (which disregards the consequences of performing an act, when determining its moral worth) and virtue ethics (which focuses on character), as well as with other varieties of consequentialism. Supporters of these opposing views have extensively  criticized the utilitarian view; though utilitarians have been similarly critical of other types of ethical perspective. In general, use of the term utilitarian often refers to a somewhat narrow economic or pragmatic viewpoint (Broad, 1930). Equity/Relativism In philosophy, moral relativism is the position that moral or ethical propositions do not reflect objective and/or universal moral truths, but instead make claims relative to social, cultural, historical, or personal circumstances. Moral relativists hold that no universal standard exists by which to assess an ethical proposition’s truth; moral subjectivism is therefore the opposite of moral absolutism. Relativistic positions often see moral values as applicable only within certain cultural boundaries (cultural relativism), or in the context of individual preferences (moral subjectivism). An extreme relativist position might suggest that judging the moral or ethical judgments or acts of another person or group has no meaning. Though, most relativists advocate a more limited version of the theory. In moral relativism, there are no absolute rights and wrongs, only different situations (Wikipedia 2008). Some moral relativists hold that a personal and subjective moral core lies at the base of individuals’ moral acts. In this view, public morality reflects social convention, and only personal, subjective morality expresses true authenticity. Moral relativism differs from moral pluralism, which acknowledges the co-existence of opposing ideas and practices; but accepts limits to differences, such as when vital human needs are violated. Moral relativism, in contrast, grants the possibility of moral judgments that do not accept such limits (Wikipedia 2008). Working in a banking environment, I believe having the ethical perspective of character is very important. Naturally having a moral and ethical character places confidence and trust in my superiors that I will do what is ethically right in every situation. I do not see many issues arising in my organization because Bank of America places our Code of Ethics as a priority that each associate must abide by. Understanding character, we see that ethical decisions are made naturally because it is right. I do my best to  uphold Bank of America’s code in everything I do. In conclusion, there are many differences to the types of ethical perspectives with few related qualities. Individuals from diverse walks of life and belief systems come to their own ethical perspective conclusion in many different ways. My personal ethics perspective is character. I believe having good character is a vital part of one’s life. It will not only lead to success, but earn people’s respect along the way. The admiration of others, and the trust and confidence they will feel from one that has great character is priceless. My father has always taught me that â€Å"you can never be wrong doing the right thing.† I live my life by this and encourage others to as well. References Broad, C. (1930). Five types of ethical theory. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co. Ciulla, J. (2004). Ethics, the heart of leadership. Connecticut: Praeger. Ross, W. D. (2002). The right and the good. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Wikipedia. (2008). Retrieved September 17, 2008 from http://www.wikipedia.org

Total quality management in apple

Contents Introduction Total quality management is globally recognized system to review and control the overall quality of any organization. It can also be called as a philosophy which supports the quality management procedure of organizations including such benefits as improving overall customer satisfaction, enhancing employee motivation, reducing wastage of resources, developing the service and product quality and maintain a growing performance of the organization.TTS generally is considered as a problem solving technique that specially focuses on the continuous improvement of the laity of product and service provided by a certain company. In this approach the management and employee can work together for the overall improvement by using quality and management tool aimed at increasing business and reducing losses in the extended track.Several key concepts that are the basis often are such as customer's requirements define the quality, quality improvement is a direct obligation to t he top management, systematic analysis and development of work process brings the result of enhanced quality, the effort is somewhat incessant in nature and is lead all the way through the organization. Functions of TTS There are several tasks that are maintained worldwide to proper manage the TTS process.The following functions are mentionable of them all- Promise of employees and management Gratifying consumer predilections Bargain of development time Just In time production and manufacturing Lessening of product and service cost Expedite system development Possession of line management Employee involvement and empowerment Benchmarking and stimulating goals Upgrading plans Incorporation of strategic planning Company summary Apple Inc. Is basically an American multinational corporation which designs, develops ND sells consumer electronics and software.It is recognized as world's second largest electronics company considering the revenue earned. The company was established on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Waking and Ronald Wayne. This company belongs to computer hardware, computer software, consumer electronics and digital distribution industry. Nowadays there are 408 retail stores for Apple and the overall functions of TTS is maintained by the following workers- Display Calibration & Instrumentation Engineer Mechanical Design Engineer Program Manager Video Code Architect Regulatory RFC Systems EngineerHardware Systems Engineer Java Software Architect Data Analyst Firmware / SW Engineering Program Manager Engineering Project Manager Quality Assurance Engineer Facilities Manager Visual Designer Market Researcher These are Just a few of the total recruits who manage the TTS. There are many more who maintain the system to serve the consumers. Reasons for adopting TTS for Apple Apple already has created great customer loyalty over the years. But there is an obligation of holding the position that they tend to possess.The direct reasons why Apple should adopt TTS to their system is even clear. The following improvements re obvious in case- Defining the weaknesses: Apple lacks the variation in product that is very much important in this era of business. This is Just a simple weakness that can be pointed out very easily. But several weaknesses are such that cannot be assessed or controlled. TTS would be of great use in defining that feebleness at instance. Identify priorities and actions: Information regarding the cores that are to be performed by the employees is very much important.There is a function of TTS that emphasizes on the information system. The collected information would help Apple to direct their concentration awards important functions. TTS keeps track of data related to importance of any job which is a helping hand to prioritize the things that are to be performed first by the company employees. Selection of proper actions regarding the object is also is a feature of TTS. Development of communication system: TTS emphasizes on the overall communication system which ultimately results in an efficient communication model.The supervisors and subordinates are allocated with authority to control their workers. Whereas Apple is considered as a large company, distribution of responsibility and authority is necessary to improve the company reference. Direct comprehension: The use of TTS would serve uninterrupted insight into the company and personnel data by eradicating the barriers between staff areas and maintaining supportable relationship with acquaintances. This type of initiative is always helpful to companies like Apple which is bound to remain updated about their current situation.Perfection of productivity and competence: Keeping track of the overall production cost and controlling the material costs is one important function of TTS. Well produced products generally help to increase the demand of the total service as well as product. This opens the opportunity to produce more and leads to lower averag e cost of production facility. On the other hand, consumer loyalty increases over time and helps to gain efficiency over production. Though Apple has a huge production capacity at present, it can be utilized better with the help of TTS and enhance customer loyalty.Adoption of quality driven strategy: Whereas every other company is trying to snatch the overall market share from Apple in various segments, it is time for Apple to gain competitive advantage based on quality products. TTS development would certainly result in higher customer distraction and serve as a competitive edge over the competitors. Proper stuff management: In the context of Apple, TTS will help the company staffs to work more vigorously to accomplish the consistent actions related to the explicit objectives of the organization as the process eliminates the measure that obstructs the devotion of personnel.Total Quality Management principles of Apple Apple has accepted the importance of TTS long ago. But there is a lways difference in the application of TTS in different organizations. There are certain philosophies obtained by Apple Inc. ND employees oblige by these principles if any confusion appears in making quality related decisions. The principles are as stated- There is no obligation to hold the current quality management procedure if adoption of new procedure bring about good to the company. Adoption of new technique should be subject to reducing overall cost or enhance value of product or service.The TTS procedure must support the concept of relentless improvement. Training is essential to develop the performance of the employees and necessary measures to train employees are type of investment. Friendly working environment is directly elated to employee service quality and ensure settlement of non-performance related problems. Authority is not certain to be held by the top level management. Rather, apt allocation of power inclines to lessen the workload as well as improves the overall speed of work.Cross-functional effort is deliberated as the most apposite solution to reduce quality erosion. There is compulsion to improve planning, enhance production capability and serve on a constant basis. Every eligible employee is a suggestion provider in Apple Inc. And has right to speak about problems in any system that needs to be persisted. Moreover, the solutions given by other employees have importance to the top management all together. Integration between suppliers and organization is equally important as serving the customers according to their needs.Apple ensures the integration through contractual relationship. Application of Total Quality Management Principles in Apple Total quality management mainly a method which continuously concentrate on the development of quality of all the separations of a company with a view to providing quality service to the clients beyond their potentials. It enlarges its functionality from upper to lowest level of a firm. To make a fr uitful total quality management a company must have expert employees who can make qualitative decisions in any situations.The total quality management principles can be greatly applied to Apple Corporation in different conditions. They are given below- Customer centric approach The main purpose of a business is to manufacture goods & services for the customers. Whatever Apple does like appointing expert employees, installing high- tech machines for production, or incorporating technologies for high quality management; if the ultimate customers do not like the products or services all approaches will be failed. So the main strategy of Apple is that it develops all its plans keeping customers in highest priority.For example- Apple does not compromise with quality It has strong supplier partnership It has strong customer driven strategy It also maintains good customer relationship for future marketing. Employee involvement In Apple all employees should work to achieve the ultimate goal of the organization. It is strictly maintained by Apple to motivate the employees and to bring out what it needs from employees. Apple has a reputation for appointing talented pools in its employee lists. After Job's return Apple has concentrated on employee's best performance.For this they developed Apple fellow program, awarding the employees who made extraordinary contribution to the organizational growth. Active participation of stuffs can be achieved by making more workspace for the employees. Apple has followed some rules for employee involvement. They are- Apple develops employees with training It also has suggestion arrangement It measures the performance It offers employee acknowledgment It develops exceptional group Process approach Process approach is the initial part of the TTS process.Process can be explained as converting raw materials & raw suppliers into processed items or final items that can be delivered to the customers. All parts of production need expertise to complete the process properly. In Apple, processing of resources is important to accomplish a project efficiently & effectively. Apple managers are very proactive decision makers about the needs & wants of the customers. As a result it is helpful for them to the path of continuous improvement in the company. So apple takes some initiatives to accomplish the project perfectly.Apple develops well-informed staffs for processing parts Apple builds proactive decision making process It always measures the performance of the employees After measuring it monitors constantly the overall works process of the organization. Integrated system Every business has its own functionality to perform which divide into different department. These functionalities are interrelated with various sources or horizontal processes which help to increase the continuous business improvement process. So every employee should have the knowledge of the company's policies, standard, procedure, objectives etc.In Apple it is strictly maintained by the staffs to be aware f their goals & vision. Without having all sorts of knowledge about their work they cannot be dedicated to their work. Mainly Apple is famous for its strictly enforcing accountability. Each project of their company has a directly responsible individual. So apple tries to maintain integration through some strict rules & regulation. As integration increases more, the type of competitive advantage also increases. Small processes add with larger process and it makes an integrated process.So every employee in the apple should understand the overall mission of the company as well s the quality process to develop a successful project. Suppose if Apple maintains continuous monitoring process for continuous improvement then it integration of employees can be achieved. Apple has its own business culture & environment. If the integrated approach integrates all the elements of TTS then Apple can achieve the continuous improvement process with an effort that exceeds the customer expectation. Strategic & systematic approach Strategic & systematic part of the TTS is one of the most critical parts of TTS.The main element of this process is to continuously improving the functionality of the many. Accepting quality control as the main element of any business can be the core success of any kind of business. So Apple must adopt systematic plan or approach to reach the ultimate goal of the corporation. After analyzing the overall working process of Apple, it can be said that it has a strong systematic plan to reach its goal. Moreover realizing, understanding, & managing the business objective can be effective for systematic approach.All this activities create an integrated process which contributes the effectiveness & efficiency of the company. Apple has following methods for strategic approach- Apple advances tactical development It Interrelates all the elements of business method of the company Fact-based decision making In an y organization, performance measurement plays an important role for having a clear idea about the current improvement of the company. For effective TTS a company must collect information & evaluate them perfectly to have a clear understanding of the performance measurement, making effective decision & forecast.But every decision must be develop according to the situation & statistical analysis. Any kind of emotional based decision should be evaded. In Apple monitoring & evaluation of performance is strictly maintained. Suppose if Apple wants apply fact based decision making process for continuous improvement then the corporation has to measure the performance effectively & efficiently in every phase of projects. Apple should maintain statistical control method Team focused on problem solving can be another solution for fact based decision making process.Continual improvement Continual improvement is the basic aspects of total quality management. A continuous improvement process help s to continuously thinking about creative & innovative ideas for any kind of projects which eventually help to grow more competitive advantage against other competitors. In Apple if the managers follow the step by step solution of any problem rather than focusing or making rebellion on any specific site, it would be better to continuously improve on that sector. And from top to bottom level all the employees should be motivated to gain the ultimate craving result.In summary Apple can follow the following rules for improvement- Apple can systematically measures the performance of any project It can develop active cooperation It can also accomplish cross functional process Communication Communication is one of the important parts often because it develops the motivational stimulus during the daily operational activities. In Apple after analyzing the working process we can say that the manager continuously involve employees in operational activities for better communication. It also gi ves them the feel of empowerment in the organization which is very helpful. It creates unity among the Apple's employees.And it is the leading criteria for the ultimate success of the organization. So it is true that a communication process in apple leads to better quality improvement of the company. Evaluation of Apple's TTS on the basis of philosophies TTS generally is done through different approaches by different companies. But few techniques have been stated by specialists which ensure success to some extent if applied carefully. Amongst those techniques the popular ones are- Six sigma procedure Deeming 14 principles Concept of continuous improvement Six Sigma procedure Six sigma is a measurement of quality in an organization which is near to perfection.Six sigma is a disciplined data driven process which eliminate any kind of errors or defects in an organization or any process, from manufacturing to transaction & to reduce and service. The I-J department of trade & industry sa ys- ‘Six sigma is a data driven method for achieving near perfect quality. Six sigma can focuses on any elements of product or services and has strong emphasis on statistical in design, manufacturing & customer oriented activities. ‘ None 2005) Both six sigma & total quality management have one common aspects and that is continuous improvement of the organization.While total quality management works for different departments in an organization, the six sigma has the capability of delivering even sharper result than the TTS. Six sigma DYNAMIC process elements D- define opportunity M- measure performance A- analysis opportunity l- improvement performance C- control performance Figure: Six sigma Six sigma in Apple Inc. Six sigma is mainly based on pre-planned project charter that mainly forms the basic scale of the project, financial budget of the project, benefits of the project etc. A company which follows the total quality management system may not be aware of the financ ial gains in the future.But company uses six sigma which based on MIMIC can be helpful for making measurement, identifying problems & providing exact solution at the right time. Apple is a corporation where it is very important to have continuous innovation of new products with hi-tech technology, upgrade features etc. In this situation it very challenging for them to continuously innovating new features products. Application of six sigma may helpful for Apple organization to measure what improvement they are making & what will be the consequences after marketing the product to the market.Six sigma basically give us a core road map for understanding the improvement process of an organization. Applying six sigma in Apple can have following benefits: 1. Leadership commitment: Six sigma plays an important role in deployment cycle. In Apple managers can apply Six Sigma for leadership commitment. Managers of Apple can arrange training program to leaders of the organization through the pr inciples and tools to develop their managerial infrastructure. The main advantage of this training program is that it will reduce the managerial hierarchy & procedural barriers of Apple Inc. 2.Customer focus : In six sigma organizational work process is developed in such a way that organization will have close communication with all the customers, suppliers, vendors, internal & external parties etc. After applying this theory Apple will be able to eliminate the scope of defects from the organization. 3. Strategic deployment: Six sigma mainly concentrate on the organizational principals like right people, right customers, project, tools, improvement tools etc. That are relate to bottom line principles. In Apple organization strategic deployment can be applied to achieve the bottom line success. 4.Integrated infrastructure: In this process the leadership team explains & reviews the overall process of the organization. So Apple may use this approach to remove barriers. The leaders of A pple Inc. 5. Disciplined framework: Six sigma follows the roadman of measure, analysis, improve & control. This disciplined framework helps to build up a clear communication way for the members of the organization. In Apple six sigma outlines can play a vital role for the development of communication process between internal & external elements. This disciplined element helps to build up continuous improvement in Apple Inc. 6.Education & training: Six sigma believes that true success can be attained by true understanding in the firm. So Six sigma uses its superiority & gears to transform the real problem to a real solution. In Apple, managers can try to maintain this superiority & gears to transform the practical problem into practical solution. Eight steps to build successful Six Sigma in Apple 1. Burning platform & shared vision First of all for applying six sigma Apple's needs to identify the burning platform like Apple is suffering from huge quality loses & it reasons 45% of the ir cost or Apple's competitors are gaining market share of every quarter by 12%.Without having these types of burning problem Apple won't be going for any six sigma solution. Finally, Apple's need to take act to achieve their vision; it safeguards that they gain credibility and strong provision from leadership. Leadership patrons safeguard will meet Apple's vision, thereby reaching superiority. 2. Resources The main core of this part is that do not hesitate to hire right resources for the right place or people. It is true that resources alone cannot bring success in Apple. It should deploy them as a team & this team will work as a change agent.It is also necessary that the team will carry out the resources and make a success by using them. Apple's need to take care of their resources both in terms of pays and also the source appropriate and obligation to applying the common vision. 3. Teach For six sigma the success can be achieved by teaching the employees. Apple needs to teach or give training the team for successful & powerful change agent. This can be achieved by assuring that the team is 100% trained & well performed their duties at the right time. 4.Arrange As Apple has gathered resources, well rained team then the next part is to make the people aware from the top level of the firm to the bottom level. For this Apple needs to learn what to manage and where to take threat, and the query here is how good Apple's service is in terms of risk modification and anticipation organization in terms of meeting the key anticipation of organization's objectives. 5. Ownership With ownership we can understand pride & power. Here Apple can make integrity by assuring team accountability, engagement & commitment.The key for success relies on these rules of accountability, engagement & commitment. 6. Measurement Creating a proper measurement system may ensure proper baseline. To achieve a targeted goal, Apple must have a measurement system. The key for measurement is to g et the cost for quality right. But having lots of measures on Apple's record may shift devotion away from the serious few. So they need to classify and amount the key important pointers instead of evaluating the many cover pointers. 7. Governance The key to success of any project can be attained by proper governance.Improper governance may lead to destruction of the project. So Apple can create a business quality council at the upper level of the group can level and clear all hurdles; this would generate interaction and also clear ways for following to timeliness. Proper governance would create best practices in the organization. . Recognition Reward or recognition plays an important role in the organization which creates energy in the team for their effort & also motivates them for further work. Proper recognition in Apple can create excellence in the performance & also create consistency.Deeming 14 principles The statistician Dry. W. Edwards Deeming stated the model of 14 principl es which basically explained the philosophies and development procedure through total quality management. These principles are certainly capable of maintaining the overall TTS of Apple. Constantly improving product and service: Apple should be planning considering the long term effects of any decision regarding quality management. It would be helpful to predict and prepare for the upcoming challenges in the long run which would have adverse effect on the business.On the other hand, the decisions should be focused on the intention of improving the products and services. Adopting new philosophies: The current philosophies should always be subject to change according to the business requirement. The customer need has to be emphasized mostly as well as the competitive pressure and Apple is aware of it. Avoiding inspection to achieve and ensure quality: Inspection is in fact done at Apple to maintain proper quality. As a result the additional price is paid by the customers at the consume r level. There is no intention to avoid the inspection program at present.But today or tomorrow a better option must be found by Apple to deduct the overall cost of production as the competition is getting more intense nowadays. Using single supplier for any one time: This is not the case always because Apple has contract with different producers to provide raw materials in case of some items. However, most of the materials are supplied from one supplier at a time. This is important to keep a decent and viable relationship with suppliers and encourage them to evaluate Apple based on the quality but not the price.The use of single supplier will ensure the trustworthiness of Apple. Improved planning, production and service constantly: This is one sector where there is no scope of complaining against Apple. The employees are constantly working to improve the development innovative products and please the customers with enhanced service factors. More and more employees are being engaged to cultivate strategic planning for quality control measurements. Training employees to achieve success: Tons of resources are being spent in Apple to train their workers.The promise of highly technical and consistent service urges for the need of trained employees. There are several programs that are in operation to proper train the workers and maintain not only the caliber of employees but also the overall company image. Implementation of leadership: The proper allocation of authority serves as the injection as the cure of many complexities regarding decision making. Apple has been successful to achieve this function to an extent. Driving out fear: Employees should always feel safe from any unexpected behavior from their superiors if any mistake is committed by them.Apple has been successful to create a friendly environment amongst the superiors and subordinates where mistakes are not a subject to direct action. Rather, immediate measures are taken but to solve the mistaken funct ions. Elimination of barriers amongst stuffs: Cross-functional teamwork is the major concern of this philosophy. Apple at large uses this method to best utilize the capability of their workers. It is known to the top management that spiritually pleased employee provides the best possible output for